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Primary Note for Database Proactive Patch Program (Doc ID 888.1) - Patching master document, or
Download Reference for Oracle Database/GI Update, Revision, PSU, SPU(CPU), Bundle Patches, Patchsets and Base Releases (Doc ID 2118136.2)

Exadata Database Machine is a complete, integrated rack system that contains both hardware and software for running Oracle Database.

Patch order

Patching it is done on a per-component basis and in general, in this order:

Infiniband Switches

Spine
Leaf

Infiniband Switch patches may not be cumulative - needs to be checked in the README.

Storage Server Software

Cell nodes
Database Minimal Pack in compute nodes

These patches are usually launched from compute node 1 using dcli and ssh to remotely patch each cell node.
Patches can be applied in a rolling fashion or standalone.
Rolling

./patchmgr -cells <cells group> -patch_check_prereq -rolling
./patchmgr -cells <cells group> -patch -rolling

Standalone

./patchmgr -cells <cells group> -patch_check_prereq
./patchmgr -cells <cells group> -patch

Check the log files:

/var/log/cellos/validations.log
/var/log/cellos/vldrun*.log

Database server patch

Grid Home (if applicable)
Oracle Home

These patches are specific to Exadata - so download the right ones.
They are, however, installed using the standard opatch mechanism.

CRS MLR patches

Grid Home
Oracle Home (if applicable)